Development of a prediction model of pancreatic fistula after duodenopancreatectomy and soft pancreas by assessing the preoperative image.

BACKGROUND: Pancreatic consistency is one of the most widely accepted risk factors of clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula (CR-POPF) after pancreatectoduodenectomy (PD). The present study aims to identify preoperative characteristics from the preoperative computed tomography (CT) associated with an increased risk. METHODS: Retrospective observational cohort study of patients who underwent PD surgery (January 2010-2019) were enrolled. All patients with available preoperative imaging were included; 103 met the inclusion criteria. Several parameters were measured on preoperative abdominal CT: retrorenal adipose tissue; abdominal perimeter; total adipose tissue, visceral and subcutaneous; skeletal muscle mass; main pancreatic duct (MPD) diameter; pancreatic thickness; remnant pancreatic volume; pancreatic attenuation (pancreas-to-spleen ratio). Primary endpoints were the association of radiological variables with soft pancreatic consistency and POPF development. All variables possibly associated with POPF and soft pancreas were subsequently included into a multivariable logistic regression model. RESULTS: Soft pancreas consistency was found in 43 patients (41.7%) and CR-POPF was higher (51.2% vs. 18%, p < 0.001). Multivariable analysis identified MPD ≤ 3 mm (OR = 7.2, 95%CI 2.3-23, p = 0.001), a remnant pancreatic volume ≥ 20 cm3 (OR = 6.4, 95%CI 2-21, p = 0.041), pancreas-to-spleen < 0.8 (OR = 3.2, 95%CI 1.2-8.4, p = 0.039), and retrorenal adipose tissue ≥ 12 cm3 (OR = 5.3, 95%CI 1.8-15.7, p = 0.013). Multivariable analysis showed MPD ≤ 3 mm (OR = 8.25, 95%CI 2.2-30.8, p = 0.002) and total adipose tissue ≥ 190 cm3 (OR = 3.2, 95%CI 1.1-9.1, p = 0.0027) were independent predictors of CR-POPF. CONCLUSION: The preoperative assessment of MPD, remnant pancreatic volume, pancreas-to-spleen ratio, total adipose tissue, and retrorenal adipose tissue are associated with soft pancreas texture and the risk of CR-POPF.

Patients' Perceived Satisfaction Through Telephone-Assisted Tele-Consultation During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic Period: Observational Single-Centre Study at a Tertiary-Referral Colorectal Surgery Department.

Introduction: The pandemic produced by SARS-CoV-2 has obliged us to set up the tele-assistance to offer a continuity of care. This implies an innovation, being the degree of satisfaction of patients unknown. Methods: A telephonic survey was conducted with the validated in the Spanish tool Telehealth Usability Questionnaire (Telehealth Usability Questionnaire; rating from 1-7) of all candidate patients assisted consecutively in the Coloproctology Unit. We included demographic variables, education level, job status, diagnosis and consultation type. A descriptive study was done. The relationship between the willingness of consultation model in the future (telemedicine vs traditional) and the categorical variables was analysed through the chi-squared test. Results: A total of 115 patients were included. The average age was 59.9 years, being 60% women. The average score in each of the survey items was higher than 6 in all the questions but 1. 26.1% of the surveyed patients confessed being advocated to tele-assistance in the future. The only factors related to greater willingness to tele-assistance were male gender (37% vs 18.8%; P = .03) and a higher academic preparation level in favour of higher technical studies (35.9%) and university studies (32.4%) opposite to the rest (P = .043). The rest of variables studied, job status, labour regimen, diagnostic group and consultation type did not show any relationship. Conclusions: A vast majority of patients answered favourably to almost all the items of the survey. However, only 26.1% of them would choose a model of tele-assistance without restrictions.

Proctologic emergency consultation during COVID-19: Comparative cross-sectional cohort study.

INTRODUCTION: Proctologic issues entail a frequent reason for consultation in the emergency department (ED). We aim to analyze how the SARS-COV-2 pandemic has impacted in the demand for proctological consultations. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Descriptive comparative retrospective study of cross-sectional cohorts of patients attending the ED for proctological complaints from March to April in 2020 and 2019. Demographic variables, comorbidities, reasons for consultation and diagnosis, treatment and readmission were included. Four periods were analyzed according to the different stages of the pandemic derived limitations. RESULTS: A total of 191 patients were reviewed, 58 in 2020 and 133 in 2019 with an average age of 48 years (SD 20.1) and 112 (58.6%) males. The average number of daily consultations was 2.18 patients in 2019 versus 0.95 in 2020 (p=0.025) meaning a 56% reduction in consultations for proctological reasons. This difference in average consultations was significant in both periods of lockout (p=0.001) and previous de-escalation (p=0.014). The diagnosis distribution was similar between both periods; however, perianal abscesses doubled their rate in 2020, 22.4% versus 11.3% (p=0.045). There was an increasing need for surgery, 31% vs 15% (p=0.011) with no difference in outpatients regimen after emergency surgery (12.5% vs 7.5%, p=0.201). Three patients in 2020 required readmission to the ED (5.2% vs 12.9%, p=0.086). CONCLUSION: There was a decrease of a 56% in proctologic emergency consultation, however, the need for surgery was twice more frequent during the study period. Reflection on the use of emergencies for proctological reasons is warranted.

Proctologic emergency consultation during COVID-19: Comparative cross-sectional cohort study / Proctología urgente en tiempos de COVID-19: estudio comparativo de cohortes ¿cómo justificar este cambio?

Introduction: Proctologic issues entail a frequent reason for consultation in the emergency department (ED). We aim to analyze how the SARS-COV-2 pandemic has impacted in the demand for proctological consultations. Material and method: Descriptive comparative retrospective study of cross-sectional cohorts of patients attending the ED for proctological complaints from March to April in 2020 and 2019. Demographic variables, comorbidities, reasons for consultation and diagnosis, treatment and readmission were included. Four periods were analyzed according to the different stages of the pandemic derived limitations. Results: A total of 191 patients were reviewed, 58 in 2020 and 133 in 2019 with an average age of 48 years (SD 20.1) and 112 (58.6%) males. The average number of daily consultations was 2.18 patients in 2019 versus 0.95 in 2020 (p=0.025) meaning a 56% reduction in consultations for proctological reasons. This difference in average consultations was significant in both periods of lockout (p=0.001) and previous de-escalation (p=0.014). The diagnosis distribution was similar between both periods; however, perianal abscesses doubled their rate in 2020, 22.4% versus 11.3% (p=0.045). There was an increasing need for surgery, 31% vs 15% (p=0.011) with no difference in outpatients regimen after emergency surgery (12.5% vs 7.5%, p=0.201). Three patients in 2020 required readmission to the ED (5.2% vs 12.9%, p=0.086). Conclusion: There was a decrease of a 56% in proctologic emergency consultation, however, the need for surgery was twice more frequent during the study period. Reflection on the use of emergencies for proctological reasons is warranted. (AU)

Introducción: La enfermedad proctológica supone un motivo de consulta frecuente en los servicios de urgencia. Nuestro objetivo es analizar como la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2 ha impactado en la demanda de consultas proctológicas. Material y método: Estudio comparativo retrospectivo de cohortes transversales en el periodo de marzo y abril de 2020 y 2019 de las consultas urgentes por motivos proctológicos. Se incluyeron variables demográficas, antecedentes, motivo de consulta y diagnóstico, tratamiento y readmisión. Se analizaron 4 periodos en función de las distintas etapas del estado de alarma. Resultados: Se atendieron 191 pacientes, 58 en 2020 y 133 en 2019, con una edad media de 48 años, siendo 112 (58,6%) varones. La media de consultas diarias fue de 2,18 pacientes en 2019 frente a 0,95 en 2020 (p=0,025) suponiendo una reducción del 56%. Esta diferencia fue significativa en ambos periodos de confinamiento (p=0,001) y en la desescalada (p=0,014). La distribución de los motivos de consulta fue similar, sin embargo, los abscesos perianales duplicaron su tasa en 2020, 22,4 frente al 11,3% (p=0,045). Se observó un incremento de la necesidad de cirugía, 31 frente al 15% (p=0,011) sin diferencias en el manejo ambulatorio tras cirugía urgente (12,5 frente al 7,5%; p=0,201). Hubo 3 pacientes en 2020 que requirieron readmisión en urgencias (5,2 frente al 12,9%; p=0,086). Conclusiones: El número de consultas por enfermedad proctológica urgente ha sufrido una reducción del 56%, sin embargo, las enfermedades que requieren tratamiento quirúrgico se han duplicado en proporción. La reflexión sobre el uso de urgencias por motivos proctológicos es necesaria. (AU)

Proctologic emergency consultation during COVID-19: Comparative cross-sectional cohort study.

INTRODUCTION: Proctologic issues entail a frequent reason for consultation in the emergency department (ED). We aim to analyze how the SARS-COV-2 pandemic has impacted in the demand for proctological consultations. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Descriptive comparative retrospective study of cross-sectional cohorts of patients attending the ED for proctological complaints from March to April in 2020 and 2019. Demographic variables, comorbidities, reasons for consultation and diagnosis, treatment and readmission were included. Four periods were analyzed according to the different stages of the pandemic derived limitations. RESULTS: A total of 191 patients were reviewed, 58 in 2020 and 133 in 2019 with an average age of 48 years (SD 20.1) and 112 (58.6%) males. The average number of daily consultations was 2.18 patients in 2019 versus 0.95 in 2020 (p=0.025) meaning a 56% reduction in consultations for proctological reasons. This difference in average consultations was significant in both periods of lockout (p=0.001) and previous de-escalation (p=0.014). The diagnosis distribution was similar between both periods; however, perianal abscesses doubled their rate in 2020, 22.4% versus 11.3% (p=0.045). There was an increasing need for surgery, 31% vs 15% (p=0.011) with no difference in outpatients regimen after emergency surgery (12.5% vs 7.5%, p=0.201). Three patients in 2020 required readmission to the ED (5.2% vs 12.9%, p=0.086). CONCLUSION: There was a decrease of a 56% in proctologic emergency consultation, however, the need for surgery was twice more frequent during the study period. Reflection on the use of emergencies for proctological reasons is warranted.

Cirugía electiva durante la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19): análisis de morbimortalidad y recomendaciones sobre priorización de los pacientes y medidas de seguridad / Elective Surgery During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic (COVID-19): A Morbimortality Analysis and Recommendations on Patient Prioritisation and Security Measures

INTRODUCCIÓN: La expansión de la infección por SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) ha requerido la adaptación de los hospitales afectados por la pandemia, causando una reducción de la actividad quirúrgica electiva. MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo de pacientes operados durante el mes previo y el pico de la pandemia. Se analizó la tasa de contagio por COVID-19, la gravedad de la infección respiratoria según la Brescia Respiratory COVID-19 Severity Scale, las medidas terapéuticas adoptadas y las complicaciones postoperatorias globales. RESULTADOS: Desde el 17 de febrero hasta el 31 de marzo de 2020 se produjo una reducción progresiva de la actividad quirúrgica, interviniéndose únicamente 213 pacientes: 59 (27,8%) de forma programada por patología tumoral, 97 (45,5%) por patología benigna y 57 (26,7%) de forma urgente. Se produjo un aumento progresivo de la tasa de contagio por COVID-19 con un total de 15 (7%) casos. De los pacientes oncológicos, 10 (16,9%) resultaron afectos; en el grupo de cirugía electiva, un paciente (1%); y en el grupo de cirugía urgente, 4 (7%) (p < 0,001). Cinco pacientes presentaron una infección respiratoria grave de los cuales 4 estaban afectos por enfermedad oncológica. Hubo 3 (1,4%) fallecimientos, todos debidos a progresión de la infección respiratoria. CONCLUSIONES: Los pacientes sometidos a cirugía presentaron una elevada tasa de infección por COVID-19 y de complicaciones postoperatorias, sobre todo en los pacientes oncológicos. La puesta en marcha de la de la actividad quirúrgica debe basarse en una priorización de los casos a operar, respetando unas premisas de seguridad y optimización de los recursos disponibles

INTRODUCTION: The spread of the SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) has required adaptation by hospitals affected by the pandemic, which has caused a reduction in elective surgical activity. METHODS: Retrospective study of patients operated on in the previous month and during the peak of the pandemic. We analysed the COVID-19 infection rate, the severity of respiratory infection according to the Brescia respiratory COVID-19 severity scale, the adopted therapeutic measures and the overall postoperative complications. RESULTS: From 17th February to 31st March 2020, there was a progressive decrease in surgical activity, with only 213 patients operated on. This comprised 59 (27.8%) elective operations for oncological diseases, 97 (45.5%) elective operations for benign diseases and 57 (26.7%) as urgent procedures. There was a progressive increase in the rate of infection by COVID-19, with a total of 15 cases (7%). This included 10 patients (16.9%) in the elective group for oncological disease, 1 (1%) in the elective surgery group for benign disease and 4 (7%) in the urgent surgery group (P < .001). Five patients presented with a severe respiratory infection, of which 4 were affected by oncological disease. There were 3 deaths (1.4%), which were all due to the worsening of a respiratory infection. CONCLUSIONS: The patients undergoing the surgical procedures showed high rates of COVID-19 infection and postoperative complications, especially the patients with oncological diseases. Local resumption of surgical activity must be based on the prioritisation of the cases to be operated on, respecting certain premises of security and optimisation of the available resources

Infección de sitio quirúrgico asociada a enterobacterias productoras de carbapenemasas. Un desafío para el cirujano actual / Surgical site infection by carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae. A challenge for today's surgeons

INTRODUCCIÓN: Las infecciones producidas por enterobacterias productoras de carbapenemasas (EPC) están aumentando drásticamente a nivel mundial, con especial relevancia en pacientes quirúrgicos. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el perfil clínico, las complicaciones, el tratamiento, la mortalidad y los costes en pacientes con infección de sitio quirúrgico (ISQ) asociada a EPC tras cirugía abdominal. MÉTODOS: Pacientes con ISQ asociada a EPC tras cirugía abdominal entre enero de 2013 y diciembre de 2018. Se incluyeron aquellos factores y procedimientos previos a la identificación de ISQ, y se realizó un análisis de mortalidad para identificar factores de riesgo en aquellos pacientes con ISQ órgano-cavitaria por EPC tras cirugía abdominal. RESULTADOS: Cincuenta pacientes fueron incluidos: ISQ incisional superficial 50%, ISQ incisional profunda 28%, ISQ órgano-cavitaria (o infección intraabdominal) 70%. Se identificó Klebsiella pneumoniae OXA-48 en el 84%, siendo más frecuentes la cirugía colorrectal (40%) y la pancreática (20%). La sensibilidad antimicrobiana fue: ceftazidima-avibactam 100%, amikacina 91,7%, tigeciclina 89,1%, colistina 70,8%, meropenem 62,8%, imipenem 52,1%. Se utilizó antibioterapia dirigida adecuada en el 86%, incluyendo terapia combinada en el 76%. La mortalidad global a 30 días de la infección intraabdominal fue de un 20%, siendo factores predictores: neoplasia sólida (p = 0,009), metástasis sólida (p = 0,009), shock séptico (p = 0,02), transfusión de hemoderivados (p = 0,03). La mediana global de estancia fue de 45 días (RIC 26-67). La mediana del coste global del ingreso fue 29.946€ (RIC 15.405-47.749). CONCLUSIONES: El perfil del paciente con ISQ causada por EPC incluye múltiples comorbilidades, procedimientos, larga estancia y altos costes asociados. Son predictores de mortalidad en infección intraabdominal la presencia de neoplasia, metástasis, shock séptico o transfusión

INTRODUCTION: Infections caused by carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) are dramatically increasing worldwide, with an important impact on surgical patients. Our aim was to assess the clinical profile, outcomes, treatment, mortality and costs of CPE-related surgical site infection (SSI) in patients with abdominal surgery. METHODS: Review of CPE-related SSI in patients with abdominal surgery from January 2013 to December 2018. Patient factors and interventions present previously to the SSI identification were recorded, and a mortality analysis was also performed in patients with abdominal surgery and CPE-related organ/space SSI. RESULTS: Fifty patients were included: superficial incisional SSI 50%, deep incisional SSI 28%, organ/space SSI (or intra-abdominal infection) 70%. Klebsiella pneumoniae OXA-48 was present in 84%, and the most frequent were colorectal surgery (40%) and pancreatic surgery (20%). The antimicrobial susceptibility was: ceftazidime-avibactam 100%, amikacin 91.7%, tigecycline 89.1%, colistin 70.8%, meropenem 62.8%, imipenem 52.1%. An appropriate definitive antimicrobial treatment was administered in 86%, using a combined scheme in 76%. Global 30-day mortality rate for intra-abdominal infection was 20%, and mortality-related factors were: solid tumour (P = .009), solid metastasis (P = .009), septic shock (P = .02), blood transfusions (P = .03). Median global stay was 45 (IQR 26-67) days. Median global cost of hospitalization was €29,946 (IQR 15,405-47,749). CONCLUSIONS: The clinical profile of patients with CPE-related SSI associates several comorbidities, interventions, prolonged stay and elevated costs. Mortality-related factors in intra-abdominal infection are solid tumour, metastasis, septic shock or blood transfusions

[Elective surgery during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic (COVID-19): a morbimortality analysis and recommendations on patient prioritisation and security measures]. / Cirugía electiva durante la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19): análisis de morbimortalidad y recomendaciones sobre priorización de los pacientes y medidas de seguridad.

INTRODUCTION: The spread of the SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) has required adaptation by hospitals affected by the pandemic, which has caused a reduction in elective surgical activity. METHODS: Retrospective study of patients operated on in the previous month and during the peak of the pandemic. We analysed the COVID-19 infection rate, the severity of respiratory infection according to the Brescia respiratory COVID-19 severity scale, the adopted therapeutic measures and the overall postoperative complications. RESULTS: From 17th February to 31st March 2020, there was a progressive decrease in surgical activity, with only 213 patients operated on. This comprised 59 (27.8%) elective operations for oncological diseases, 97 (45.5%) elective operations for benign diseases and 57 (26.7%) as urgent procedures.There was a progressive increase in the rate of infection by COVID-19, with a total of 15 cases (7%). This included 10 patients (16.9%) in the elective group for oncological disease, 1 (1%) in the elective surgery group for benign disease and 4 (7%) in the urgent surgery group (p < 0.001). Five patients presented with a severe respiratory infection, of which 4 were affected by oncological disease. There were 3 deaths (1.4%), which were all due to the worsening of a respiratory infection. CONCLUSIONS: The patients undergoing the surgical procedures showed high rates of COVID-19 infection and postoperative complications, especially the patients with oncological diseases. Local resumption of surgical activity must be based on the prioritisation of the cases to be operated on, respecting certain premises of security and optimisation of the available resources.

Surgical site infection by carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae. A challenge for today's surgeons. / Infección de sitio quirúrgico asociada a enterobacterias productoras de carbapenemasas. Un desafío para el cirujano actual.

INTRODUCTION: Infections caused by carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) are dramatically increasing worldwide, with an important impact on surgical patients. Our aim was to assess the clinical profile, outcomes, treatment, mortality and costs of CPE-related surgical site infection (SSI) in patients with abdominal surgery. METHODS: Review of CPE-related SSI in patients with abdominal surgery from January 2013 to December 2018. Patient factors and interventions present previously to the SSI identification were recorded, and a mortality analysis was also performed in patients with abdominal surgery and CPE-related organ/space SSI. RESULTS: Fifty patients were included: superficial incisional SSI 50%, deep incisional SSI 28%, organ/space SSI (or intra-abdominal infection) 70%. Klebsiella pneumoniae OXA-48 was present in 84%, and the most frequent were colorectal surgery (40%) and pancreatic surgery (20%). The antimicrobial susceptibility was: ceftazidime-avibactam 100%, amikacin 91.7%, tigecycline 89.1%, colistin 70.8%, meropenem 62.8%, imipenem 52.1%. An appropriate definitive antimicrobial treatment was administered in 86%, using a combined scheme in 76%. Global 30-day mortality rate for intra-abdominal infection was 20%, and mortality-related factors were: solid tumour (P=.009), solid metastasis (P=.009), septic shock (P=.02), blood transfusions (P=.03). Median global stay was 45 (IQR 26-67) days. Median global cost of hospitalization was €29,946 (IQR 15,405-47,749). CONCLUSIONS: The clinical profile of patients with CPE-related SSI associates several comorbidities, interventions, prolonged stay and elevated costs. Mortality-related factors in intra-abdominal infection are solid tumour, metastasis, septic shock or blood transfusions.

Proctologic emergency consultation during COVID-19: Comparative cross-sectional cohort study / Proctología urgente en tiempos de COVID-19: estudio comparativo de cohortes ¿cómo justificar este cambio?

INTRODUCTION: Proctologic issues entail a frequent reason for consultation in the emergency department (ED). We aim to analyze how the SARS-COV-2 pandemic has impacted in the demand for proctological consultations. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Descriptive comparative retrospective study of cross-sectional cohorts of patients attending the ED for proctological complaints from March to April in 2020 and 2019. Demographic variables, comorbidities, reasons for consultation and diagnosis, treatment and readmission were included. Four periods were analyzed according to the different stages of the pandemic derived limitations. RESULTS: A total of 191 patients were reviewed, 58 in 2020 and 133 in 2019 with an average age of 48 years (SD 20.1) and 112 (58.6%) males. The average number of daily consultations was 2.18 patients in 2019 versus 0.95 in 2020 (p = 0.025) meaning a 56% reduction in consultations for proctological reasons. This difference in average consultations was significant in both periods of lockout (p = 0.001) and previous de-escalation (p = 0.014). The diagnosis distribution was similar between both periods; however, perianal abscesses doubled their rate in 2020, 22.4% versus 11.3% (p = 0.045). There was an increasing need for surgery, 31% vs 15% (p = 0.011) with no difference in outpatients regimen after emergency surgery (12.5% vs 7.5%, p = 0.201). Three patients in 2020 required readmission to the ED (5.2% vs 12.9%, p = 0.086). CONCLUSION: There was a decrease of a 56% in proctologic emergency consultation, however, the need for surgery was twice more frequent during the study period. Reflection on the use of emergencies for proctological reasons is warranted

INTRODUCCIÓN: La enfermedad proctológica supone un motivo de consulta frecuente en los servicios de urgencia. Nuestro objetivo es analizar como la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2 ha impactado en la demanda de consultas proctológicas. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Estudio comparativo retrospectivo de cohortes transversales en el periodo de marzo y abril de 2020 y 2019 de las consultas urgentes por motivos proctológicos. Se incluyeron variables demográficas, antecedentes, motivo de consulta y diagnóstico, tratamiento y readmisión. Se analizaron 4 periodos en función de las distintas etapas del estado de alarma. RESULTADOS: Se atendieron 191 pacientes, 58 en 2020 y 133 en 2019, con una edad media de 48 años, siendo 112 (58,6%) varones. La media de consultas diarias fue de 2,18 pacientes en 2019 frente a 0,95 en 2020 (p = 0,025) suponiendo una reducción del 56%. Esta diferencia fue significativa en ambos periodos de confinamiento (p = 0,001) y en la desescalada (p = 0,014). La distribución de los motivos de consulta fue similar, sin embargo, los abscesos perianales duplicaron su tasa en 2020, 22,4 frente al 11,3% (p = 0,045). Se observó un incremento de la necesidad de cirugía, 31 frente al 15% (p = 0,011) sin diferencias en el manejo ambulatorio tras cirugía urgente (12,5 frente al 7,5%; p = 0,201). Hubo 3 pacientes en 2020 que requirieron readmisión en urgencias (5,2 frente al 12,9%; p = 0,086). CONCLUSIONES: El número de consultas por enfermedad proctológica urgente ha sufrido una reducción del 56%, sin embargo, las enfermedades que requieren tratamiento quirúrgico se han duplicado en proporción. La reflexión sobre el uso de urgencias por motivos proctológicos es necesaria

Fallo hepático fulminante por carcinoma ductal mamario de tipo inflamatorio / Acute liver failure due to inflammatory ductal carcinoma of the breast

Presentamos el caso de una paciente intervenida de mastectomía radical modificada por carcinoma ductal infiltrante de tipo inflamatorio, que durante el postoperatorio inmediato presenta un empeoramiento clínico generalizado secundario a un fallo hepático fulminante desencadenado por la aparición de múltiples metástasis. La paciente fallece a las horas del comienzo del cuadro por fallo multiorgánico

We present the case of a woman who underwent a modified radical mastectomy due to an infiltrating inflammatory ductal carcinoma and who, during the immediate postoperative period showed clinical deterioration due to acute liver failure caused by the presence of multiple metastases. The patient died a few hours after the onset of multiorgan failure

Metástasis orbitaria solitaria como presentación inicial de cáncer de mama / Isolated orbital metastasis as an initial presentation of a breast cancer

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